human immunodeficiency virus

1. The human immunodeficiency virus is spread mainly through intravenous drug use and sex.

2. More than 40 million people are infected with the incurable and fatal human immunodeficiency virus.

1. DLA-EIAV can be served as the animal model for studying on human immunodeficiency virus. The vaccine was developed in two stages. A carefully selected field isolate, EIAV LN, was passaged 133 times in vivo in donkeys to generate the highly virulent and pathogenic strain D510, which kills animals within a few weeks. D510 went through 135 passages in vitro to obtain vaccine strains DLV. In order to investigate the molecular mechanism of the attenuation and protection of donkey leukocyte attenuated equine infectious anemia virus, we investigated the evolution of LTR of 24 out of 110 passages during Chinese EIAV attenuation.
马传贫弱毒疫苗致弱路线是：将一株来源于马体的EIAV 超强毒力的辽毒株经过驴体连续传代100 余代使病毒毒力增强后获得了驴强毒株(对马和驴均100%致死)，然后将DV 株连续通过驴白细胞进行体外培养驯化，使其病毒毒力完全丧失，而保持了良好的免疫原性，最终培育成功EIAV 驴白细胞弱毒疫苗(沈荣显等，1979)，DLA进一步通过驴胎皮肤细胞培养驯化，又获得了皮肤细胞弱毒疫苗株。

2. As a inhibitor for neurotropic virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) invades the brain and causes severe neuronal, astrocyte, and myelin damage in AIDS patients.
作为向神经病毒、人免疫缺陷病毒1类型(HIV -1)侵入大脑，并且在爱滋病病患里引起严厉的神经元、脑和骨髓的星细胞和髓磷脂损害的抑制剂。

3. Detail Contents: Genetic disorders -- Immune deficiencies -- Breast cancer -- Colon cancer -- Melanoma -- Cystic fibrosis -- Hemophilia -- Liver disease -- Cardiovascular disease -- Muscular dystrophy -- Alzheimer's disease -- Parkinson's disease -- Huntington's disease -- Viruses: the cornerstone of gene therapy -- Viruses are living crystals -- Viral genomes may be RNA or DNA -- Viruses evolved from plasmids -- Viruses know how to infect cells -- The virus as a gene vehicle -- Viruses used in gene therapy -- Ashi DeSilva: a promising start -- Clinical trials defined -- Cells of the immune system -- Adenosine deaminase -- Preliminary research -- Clinical procedure for ADA gene therapy -- The DeSilva clinical trial -- Jesse Gelsinger: down to earth -- Ornithine transcarbamylase -- Preliminary research -- Clinical procedure for OTC gene therapy -- The Gelsinger clinical trial -- The investigation -- Concluding remarks -- Future prospects -- Safer vehicles -- Reducing immune rejection of the vector -- Improved risk assessment -- Redesigning human anatomy and physiology -- Ethics of gene therapy -- The Belmont report -- Clinical trials -- Physiological enhancement -- Cosmetic applications -- Legal issues -- Regulatory agencies -- The Gelsinger legal trial -- International regulation -- Resource center -- Eucaryote cell primer -- Recombinant DNA primer -- The human genome project -- X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1)-- Alzheimer's disease -- Huntington's disease.
细节内容︰遗传疾病-免疫的缺乏-乳腺癌-结肠癌-黑瘤-囊性纤维变性-血友症-肝疾病-心血管疾病-肌营养不良-早老性痴呆病-帕金森疾病-亨廷顿疾病-病毒︰基础的基因治疗-病毒在活著水晶--病毒的基因可能是RNA或者DNA --病毒从plasmids被逐步形成--病毒知道怎样感染细胞--作为一辆基因车辆的病毒--基因治疗使用的病毒-Ashi DeSilva︰有希望开始-临床试验确定--细胞的这免疫系统-Adenosine deaminase-初步研究-临床程式给埃达基因治疗--这DeSilva临床试验-婕西Gelsinger︰到地球-Ornithine transcarbamylase-初步研究-临床程式给OTC基因治疗-- Gelsinger临床试验-调查-达成评论-前景-更安全的车辆--矢量的降低免疫的拒绝-改进风险估计-重新设计人解剖学和生理学--伦理学的基因治疗-那些贝拉蒙特报告-临床试验-生理提升-美容应用-法律问题-协调机构-- Gelsinger 合法审讯-国际管理-资源中心人物-Eucaryote信元第一-Recombinant DNA 入门--人类基因工程-- X 连结的严重的结合的免疫缺陷(SCID-X1)-早老性痴呆病--亨廷顿的疾病。

4. It is caused by infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
这是由于感染人体免疫缺陷病毒

5. He said that AIDS is from human immunodeficiency virus infection.
他介绍说，艾滋病是由人类免疫缺陷病毒感染引起的。

6. It was later named the human immunodeficiency virus.
它在后来被命名为人类免疫缺陷病毒。

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7. Objective To improve the awareness of human immunodeficiency virus infection in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
目的 提高对人类免疫缺陷病毒阳性肺结核的认识。

8. More than 80 percent of human immunodeficiency virus infections are transmitted via sexual intercourse.
80%以上的人类免疫缺陷症感染是通过性接触传递的。

9. In contrast to previously characterized human oncogenic retroviruses, the novel retrovirus they had discovered, now known as human immunodeficiency virus, did not induce uncontrolled cell growth.
相较于以往的特点人类致癌病毒，新病毒，他们发现了，现在被称为人类免疫缺陷病毒，并没有引起不受控制的细胞生长。

10. Subject words】 Human immunodeficiency virus type 1; Drug users; Tetrapeptide on tip of the V3 loop
人类免疫缺陷病毒1型；药瘾；V3环顶端四肽基因序列

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11. It is well-known that the mathematical models provise very important information for theresearch of human immunodeficiency uirus-type 1 and hepatitis C virus.
在研究人类免疫缺陷性病毒HIV和丙肝病毒C中，数学模型起到了非常重要的作用。

12. Objective To understand the knowledge of pregnant and lying-in women, and related people on human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immure deficiency syndrome and attitude tO HIV positive pregnant women in Yunnan rural areas.
目的了解云南省农村孕产妇及相关人群对艾滋病传播与预防知识知晓水平和对感染人类免疫缺陷病毒孕产妇的态度。

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13. The frequency of CMV seronegativity showed a stepwise decrease with the increase of donor age. In addition, the prevalence of HBsAg, antibodies to hepatitis C virus, antibodies to human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and 2 (anti-HIV 1+2) and antibodies to human T-cell lymphotropic viruses type I and II (anti-HTLV 1/11) were compared between CMV seropositive and seronegative groups. Our results showed that there was no significant difference in seroprevalence of these markers between CMV seropositive and seronegative groups.
为了更进一步了解巨细胞病毒抗体和其它血液筛检项目之相关性，吾人在同批检体中比较巨细胞病毒抗体阳性者和阴性者其 B 型肝炎表面抗原、C型肝炎抗礼、第一型暨第二型人类免疫缺乏病毒抗体和第一型暨第二型人类嗜 T 淋巴球病毒抗体之阳性率，结果发现这些阳性率在两者间无有意义之差异。

14. Lipodystrophy and anti-retroviral therapy as predictors of sub-clinical atherosclerosis in human immunodeficiency virus infected subjects.
脂肪营养障碍和抗逆转录病毒治疗可以作为人免疫缺陷症病毒感染受试者的亚临床动脉粥样硬化的预测器

15. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus is very similar to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and it is used to study the condition in animal models.
猴免疫缺陷病毒与人免疫缺陷病毒非常相似，被用于动物模型的研究。

16. Simian immunodeficiency virus to chimpanzees brought significantly less than the harm to human immunodeficiency virus harm to human beings.
猿类免疫缺陷病毒给黑猩猩带来的危害要明显小于人类免疫缺陷病毒给人类造成的危害。

17. Objective To study the transmission rate and influence factors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV1) among the family members with unknown infector.
目的 研究在未知情的情况下，家庭内艾滋病病毒的传播率及影响因素。

18. 293T cells transfected with ACE2, but not those transfected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 receptors, formed multinucleated syncytia with cells expressing S protein.
转染了ACE2的293T细胞能与表达S蛋白的细胞形成多核体，而同样的293T细胞转染了人免疫缺陷病毒-1则不行。

19. Chapter 2: investigates peptides in complex with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus protease found in the PDB bank, using flexible molecule alignment and molecular docking. Predicts the similarities between the inhibitors and Saquinavir.
第二章：选择PDB数据库中HIV蛋白酶复合物为研究对象，通过分子叠合、分子对接研究，预测出了这类抑制剂与已经上市的抗艾滋病的药物Saquinavir之间的相似性和对HIV病毒蛋白酶的不同抑制作用。

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20. Objective To observe the inhibitory effect of 1, 2, 6-Tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose from Balanophora japonica Makino on human immunodeficiency virus entry into the host cells and explore the mechanisms.
目的 检测来源于蛇菰科植物日本蛇菰中的单体化合物三没食子酰吡喃葡萄糖抑制HIV与靶细胞融合的活性，并探讨其作用靶点。